German Citizenship: A Comprehensive Guide to Naturalization in 2026

Changes in German Citizenship Law in 2026

In 2026, the process of obtaining German citizenship underwent significant changes, making it more flexible and aligned with modern realities. The main innovations, which came into force after the 2024 reform, concern the reduction of residency periods and the allowance of dual citizenship. These changes aim to attract skilled professionals and facilitate the integration of foreigners who wish to build their lives in Germany and acquire German citizenship.

The standard period of legal residency required for a German citizenship application has now been reduced from eight to five years. This significantly streamlines the path to a German passport for many applicants. It is important to note that the so-called “Turboeinbürgerung” (accelerated naturalization in 3 years for exceptional integration achievements) was abolished as of October 30, 2025. Thus, in 2026, the five-year period is the basic rule, with exceptions for specific categories of citizens who may obtain German citizenship in 3 years.

One of the most significant changes is the broad allowance of multiple citizenships. While previously, obtaining German citizenship often required renouncing one’s previous passport, this condition has now been abolished in most cases. This opens new opportunities for citizens of many countries, including German citizenship for Russians and residents of other CIS countries, who previously faced the difficult choice between two citizenships. However, it is important to remember that some countries may have their own rules regarding the retention of citizenship when acquiring a foreign one.

Key Requirements: How to Get German Citizenship

To obtain German citizenship through naturalization, an applicant must meet several criteria. These conditions are regulated by § 10 Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz (StAG) and include requirements for residency period, language proficiency, financial stability, and loyalty to the state.

Residency Period for German Naturalization

As mentioned, in 2026, the standard period of legal and ordinary residency in Germany is five years. This period is counted from the date of obtaining the first residence permit that offers a long-term stay perspective. It is important to note that not all types of residence permits count. For example, a student visa or Duldung status (tolerated stay) are generally not considered. One must have an unlimited right of residence or a type that can lead to it, such as a Niederlassungserlaubnis (permanent residence permit), Blue Card EU, a permit for skilled workers, or a residence permit for family reunification.

There are exceptions for shortening the residency period and the possibility of obtaining German citizenship in 3 years:

• Three years: for spouses or registered partners of German citizens, if the marriage/partnership has lasted for at least two years and the spouses maintain a common household. This is one way to get German citizenship through marriage.
• For children: minor children can be included in their parents’ application under even shorter conditions. Children of foreign parents born in Germany can acquire German citizenship at birth if at least one parent has legally resided in the country for more than 5 years and holds an indefinite right of residence. This is known as German citizenship by birth.

German Language Proficiency for Citizenship

One of the key requirements to get German citizenship is demonstrating sufficient proficiency in the German language. A level of at least B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages is required. This can be confirmed by the following documents:

• B1 certificate (e.g., telc, Goethe, ÖSD, DTZ, or DSD).
• German school leaving certificate.
• Document of German vocational training.
• Diploma from a German-speaking university.

Naturalization Test (Einbürgerungstest)

To obtain German citizenship, applicants must successfully pass the “Leben in Deutschland” (Life in Germany) test. The test consists of 33 questions (30 general and 3 regional, related to a specific federal state), with 60 minutes allotted. To pass, at least 17 questions must be answered correctly. The questions cover the political system, history, rights and duties of citizens, and everyday aspects of life in Germany. The test costs approximately 25 euros and can be retaken if necessary.

Financial Independence

The applicant and their dependent family members must not receive social assistance (Bürgergeld or social assistance under SGB II or XII). Income must be stable and sufficient to cover all living expenses. Exceptions may be possible for those who are in training, undergoing vocational education, or have temporarily lost their job through no fault of their own.

No Criminal Record

For German naturalization, a certificate of no criminal record from the German Federal Central Register, no older than 3 months, is required. For long periods spent abroad, a certificate of no criminal record from the country of origin, with an apostille and certified translation, may be required. The applicant must not have serious criminal convictions that would prevent naturalization.

Commitment to the Free Democratic Order

The applicant must declare in writing their commitment to Germany’s free democratic constitutional order. A personal declaration of loyalty will also be required during the office appointment.

Dual Citizenship Germany in 2026

As of June 27, 2024, Germany officially allows multiple citizenships. This is one of the most significant changes, greatly simplifying the process for many foreigners who wish to obtain German citizenship. Now, during naturalization, it is generally no longer required to renounce one’s first passport.

This change is particularly relevant for citizens of CIS countries, including German citizenship for Russians, who previously had to resolve the complex issue of renouncing their first citizenship. However, it is important to consider that the country of origin may have its own rules regarding dual citizenship and notifications of its existence. For example, Russian citizens need to consider their country’s rules on second citizenship and notifications to relevant authorities. Therefore, it is always recommended to clarify this matter in advance through their country’s consulate.

The possibility of having dual citizenship Germany opens new perspectives for people who want to maintain their ties with their homeland while enjoying all the benefits of a German passport. This applies to both those who acquire German citizenship through naturalization and children born in Germany to foreign parents.

Required Documents to Get German Citizenship

Gathering the complete set of documents is one of the most crucial steps on the path to German citizenship. Here is a basic checklist:

• Valid biometric passport – original + copy. If holding multiple citizenships, provide all passports.
• Birth certificate (from the country of origin, with apostille and certified translation into German).
• Current certificate of registration of residence (Meldebescheinigung).
• Valid residence permit (Niederlassungserlaubnis, Aufenthaltserlaubnis, etc.).
• All previous residence permits in chronological order (copies).
• Extended registration certificate from the registration office, containing all previous addresses of residence.
• Social insurance history (Deutsche Rentenversicherung).
• B1 German language certificate or equivalent.
• Certificate of passing the naturalization test (minimum 17/33 points).
• Last 12 income tax statements or tax notices for self-employed individuals.
• Last 3 bank statements.
• Rental agreement and proof of last payment.
• Health insurance certificate.
• Certificate of no criminal record from the German Federal Central Register (not older than 3 months).
• Tabular curriculum vitae with a complete and gap-free residency history (signed by hand).
• Declaration of commitment to the free democratic constitutional order (in writing).
• Declaration of loyalty (submitted in person at the office appointment).
• Biometric photographs.

For spouses and children, additional documents may be required, such as a marriage certificate (with apostille and certified translation), children’s birth certificates, and school certificates. All foreign documents must be translated into German by a sworn translator and certified.

Application Process and Cost of German Naturalization

The first step is to complete a self-check on the local authority’s website or through BAMF (Federal Office for Migration and Refugees) online tools. Then, gather all necessary documents and make an appointment at the Einbürgerungsbehörde (naturalization authority) in your place of residence.

When submitting the application, it is important to ensure that all documents are in order and translated. The official will check the completeness of the package and accept the application. After this, the processing begins, which can take several months to a year or more, depending on the workload of the authority.

The cost of obtaining German citizenship includes the state fee:

• 255 euros for an adult.
• 51 euros for a minor child who naturalizes with their parents.

Additional expenses may include the cost of language courses, language test fees, naturalization test fees, document translations, and consular fees for apostilles.

Alternative Paths to German Citizenship

Besides standard naturalization, there are other paths to German citizenship, although they apply to a narrower group of people:

• German citizenship by descent: Descendants of victims of the Nazi regime can reclaim citizenship lost due to political, racial, or religious reasons. This is a complex process requiring documented proof of kinship.
• German citizenship through marriage: As mentioned earlier, spouses of German citizens can apply for naturalization after just 3 years of residency and 2 years of marriage, provided all other requirements are met.
• German citizenship by birth: Children of foreign parents born in Germany automatically acquire German citizenship if at least one parent has legally resided in the country for more than 5 years and holds a permanent residence permit.

Each of these paths has its nuances and requirements, so it is important to thoroughly study all conditions before applying for German nationality. For detailed information, it is recommended to consult official sources such as or the local naturalization authority, for example, for residents of Munich.

FAQ: How to Get German Citizenship

What is the minimum residency period required for German citizenship in 2026?

In 2026, the standard minimum period of legal residency for obtaining German citizenship through naturalization is five years. For spouses of German citizens, this period is reduced to three years, provided the marriage has lasted for two years.

Do I need to renounce my first citizenship when getting German citizenship?

No, as of June 27, 2024, multiple citizenships are permitted in Germany. This means that when you acquire German citizenship, you will no longer be required to renounce your first citizenship. However, it is important to check the laws of your country of origin, as some states may have their own rules regarding second citizenship. This is particularly relevant for citizens of Russia.

What are the language proficiency requirements for German naturalization?

To obtain German citizenship, you must demonstrate German language proficiency at a level of at least B1. This can be done by providing a corresponding language certificate (e.g., telc, Goethe, ÖSD), a school leaving certificate from a German school, or a diploma from a vocational or higher education institution taught in German.

How much does the German naturalization process cost?

The state fee for naturalization is 255 euros for an adult and 51 euros for a minor child who applies with their parents. Additional costs may include the price of language courses, language test fees, the naturalization test, and document translation fees.

What is the Einbürgerungstest and how do I pass it?

The Einbürgerungstest, or “Life in Germany” test, is a mandatory exam for obtaining German citizenship. It consists of 33 questions about German history, politics, and society. To pass, you must answer at least 17 questions correctly. The test can be taken at authorized institutions, costs about 25 euros, and can be retaken.

Is it possible to get German citizenship by descent?

Yes, German citizenship by descent is possible for descendants of victims of the Nazi regime who were deprived of their citizenship for political, racial, or religious reasons. This is a complex process that requires documented proof of kinship and the circumstances of citizenship deprivation.

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